After installing, my root partition was an ext4 partition, but my home partition was not since it was on a separate partition.  I decided to convert my home partition over to ext4 to get all of the benefits that it provides.

WARNING: Do not do this to a root partition unless you know what you are doing.  I have not tested this/looked it up, and I do not know how this will end.  Also, as with all tweaks (especially on a filesystem), there is some danger of messing up your computer.  I am not responsible for anything that happens.  Make sure all of your files are backed up before attempting this.

Converting

Make sure your operating system supports ext4, and if not, apply any relevant patches to the kernel.

Make sure you are using a live cd, or do not have the file system mounted.  Then, unmount the volume that you are converting, and convert it.

Example with /dev/sda1 (run “fdisk -l” to see your filesystems):

umount /dev/sda1
tune2fs -O extents,uninit_bg,dir_index /dev/sda1

Mounting

Now that your filesystem is converted to ext4, you need to mount the drive.  To mount the drive to a directory for the current session (not automatically on reboot):

mount -t ext4 /dev/sda /directory/to/mount/to

To mount the drive permanently, you need to add it to your fstab:

UUID=your-uuid-number-here /directory/to/mount/to ext4 relatime,errors=remount-ro 0 1

Restart your computer.

Booting from ext4 partition

If you are booting from an ext4 partition (if your /boot directory is in your / directory, or if you are converting your /boot directory) you need to apply a few more tweaks before rebooting:

sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

Then, find your operating system and add the following to the end of the kernel line:

rootfstype=ext4

Now, update grub:

sudo update-grub

Update your fstab the same way you would have above:

UUID=your-uuid-number-here /directory/to/mount/to ext4 relatime,errors=remount-ro 0 1

Restart your computer.